Physical exercise alleviates oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue and causes changes in body composition and nutritional behavior in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.

AIM: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in women. We investigate the effect of physical exercise on body composition, nutritional parameters, and oxidative stress in rats with PCOS. METHODS: Female rats were into three groups: Control, PCOS, and PCOS + Exercise. PCOS was induced by letrozole (1 mg/kg via p.o.) for 21 days consecutively. Physical exercise was swimming, for 21 consecutive days, 1 h/day with 5 % load. In all groups, we assessed the nutritional and murinometric parameters, body composition, thermography, and oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT). KEY FINDINGS: In PCOS we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight vs. the Control group. But, the PCOS + Exercise group prevent this weight gain (P < 0.05). The temperature in BAT, decrease (P < 0.05) in the PCOS group vs. Control group. PCOS + Exercise prevented this reduction (P < 0.05) in BAT temperature vs. PCOS groups. We observed decreases (P < 0.05) in Lee Index and BMI in POS + Exercise vs. PCOS group. In PCOS rats, we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in murinometric (SRWG, EI, and FE) and body composition parameters (TWB, ECF, ICF, and FFM) vs. the Control group. The PCOS + Exercise prevents (P < 0.05) these changes in all groups, compared with PCOS. Regarding the BAT, we observe an increase (P < 0.05) in MPO and MDA levels in the PCOS vs. Control group. PCOS + Exercise prevents (P < 0.05) these increases vs. the PCOS group. SIGNIFICANCE: PCOS modifies body composition, and nutritional parameters, and induces changes in oxidative stress in BAT. Physical exercise prevented these alterations.

Moderate Physical Exercise Activates ATR2 Receptors, Improving Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Duodenum of 2K1C Hypertensive Rats.

Background: In addition to the cardiovascular and renal systems, the gastrointestinal tract also contains angiotensin ATR1a, ATR1b, and ATR2. We previously observed that the 2Kidney-1Clip hypertension model elicits physical exercise and gastrointestinal dysmotility, which is prevented by renin-angiotensin system blockers. Here, we investigate the effect of physical exercise on inflammation, stress biomarkers, and angiotensin II receptors in the duodenum of 2K1C rats. Methods: Arterial hypertension was induced by the 2K1C surgical model. The rats were allocated in Sham, 2K1C, or 2K1C+Exercise groups. One week after surgery, they were submitted to a physical exercise protocol (running 5x/week, 60min/day). Next, we assessed their intestinal contractility, cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6), oxidative stress levels (MPO, GSH, MDA, and SOD), and the gene expression of angiotensin receptors (ATR1A, ATR1B, and ATR2). Results: In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C arterial hypertension decreased (p<0.05) the intestinal contractility. In comparison with 2K1C, the 2K1C+Exercise group exhibited lower (p<0.05) MPO activity (22.04±5.90 vs. 78.95±18.09 UMPO/mg tissue) and higher (p<0.05) GSH concentrations in intestinal tissues (67.63±7.85 vs. 31.85±5.90mg NPSH/mg tissue). The 2K1C+Exercise group showed lower (p<0.05) cytokine levels in the intestine than 2K1C rats. In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C+Exercise rats showed higher (p<0.05) gene expression of ATR2 in the duodenum. Conclusion: 2K-1C hypertension elicits an oxidative stress and inflammation process in the duodenum. Physical exercise modulates the expression twice as much of ATR2 receptors, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects induced by exercise.

Effect of dietary interventions on inflammatory biomarkers of inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review of clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES: In this review, we systematically assess whether dietary interventions are effective in attenuating inflammatory biomarkers in IBDs based on clinical trials available in the literature. RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES: This review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the PRISMA. We used the PubMed and SciVerse Scopus databases and the Cochrane collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias in clinical trials. The PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcomes) strategy was used, with the descriptors: "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Crohn's disease", "cd", "ibd", "ulcerative colitis", "uc", "Diet", "Diet Habits", "Feeding", "Nutrients", "Food Intake", "Dietary patterns", "Inflammations", "Inflammation", "acute-phase proteins", "C-reactive protein", "interleukins", "tumor necrosis factor-alpha" and "inflammatory response". There is no conflict of interest. DATA ANALYSIS: Fifteen studies were included, with a total of 627 participants. Of the total studies included, seven showed a reduction in some inflammatory markers in response to dietary interventions. This review was registered with the PROSPERO platform under number: CRD42021235150. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this review reveal that dietary intervention with specific characteristics may be important during the treatment of the inflammatory process in patients with IBDs.

COVID-19: ANALYSIS OF CONFIRMED CASES IN TERESINA, PIAUI, BRAZIL / COVID-19: ANÁLISE DE CASOS CONFIRMADOS EM TERESINA, PIAUI, BRASIL

Introduction: Coronavirus are microorganisms responsible for causing respiratory infections that can vary from asymptomatic to severe. The spread of the virus around the world has led to a pandemic position, which has claimed numerous victims. Given the magnitude of the problem, the study aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Teresina-PI. Design: Descriptive and epidemiological study. The study population consisted of 315 confirmed cases of Covid-19, in individuals residing in the city of Teresina-PI, between March and April 2020. The variables evaluated were: age group, sex, deaths confirmed by Covid- 19 and confirmed cases of Covid-19 by area of ​​the city. Results: There was a predominance of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in young, female individuals living in an urban area of ​​Teresina. Most deaths occurred in the elderly, being more prevalent in males. Implications: The epidemiological monitoring of cases strengthens the need to implement preventive measures, such as social containment. In addition, the expansion of testing in the population is important in order to identify asymptomatic cases and, consequently, to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, considering that these cases favor the transmission chain.

Introdução: Os coronavírus são microrganismos responsáveis por causar infecções respiratória que podem variar de quadros assintomáticos a graves. A disseminação do vírus pelo o mundo conduziu para uma posição de pandemia, a qual tem somado inúmeras vítimas. Mediante a magnitude da problemática, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos confirmados de COVID-19 em Teresina-PI. Delineamento: Estudo descritivo e epidemiológico. A população do estudo foi composta por 315 casos confirmados de Covid-19, em indivíduos residentes na cidade de Teresina-PI, no período entre de março e abril de 2020. As variáveis avaliadas foram: faixa etária, sexo, óbitos confirmados por Covid-19 e casos confirmados de Covid-19 por área da cidade. Resultados: Observou-se a predominância de casos confirmados de Covid-19 em indivíduos jovens, do sexo feminino e que residem em área urbana de Teresina. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu em idosos, sendo mais predominantes em indivíduos do sexo masculino. Implicações: O monitoramento epidemiológico dos casos fortalece a necessidade da implementação de medidas preventivas, como a contenção social. Somado a isso, a ampliação da testagem na população é importante, a fim de identificar casos assintomáticos e, consequentemente, evitar a disseminação do coronavírus, tendo em vista que esses casos favorecem a cadeia de transmissão.